The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.